
Long chains of manual steps that have to be prompted and recorded, where the physical work is handed between cells, lines or shifts.

Hard constraints on tooling, crews, materials, changeovers and compliance, layered over custom build orders that need lot and serial traceability.

Several systems of record that never reconcile, with the operational gaps between them held together by what the crew happens to remember.

An IT group that already runs hosted tooling and has budget lines open for plant-floor modernisation this fiscal year.